Professor John Patrick - BA PhD Hull, FBPsS
Overview
Research Group:
Thinking & Reasoning
Location: Tower Building, Park Place
Email: PatrickJ@Cardiff.ac.uk
Telephone: +44(0)29 208 74729
Research Summary
My research is concerned with Human Factors, Applied Cognitive and Occupational Psychology, particularly training, problem solving and factors affecting interface design. Topics of current interest include:
- how to overcome different types of constraint that inhibit problem solving
- the effect of temporal and other factors concerning communications on judgement
- how to facilitate the processing of complex information in HCI situations
- planning and training for design problem solving
- minimising the effect of interruptions
- factors that affect motivation to learn
Teaching Summary
Lectures on Training and Work Psychology
Supervision and assessment of projects and dissertations, tutorials and practicals
Lectures and workshops on teaching PhD students and GTAs how to improve their teaching and assessment skills.
Selected Publications (2008 onwards)
2013
Morgan, P. L., Patrick, J. and Tiley, L. (2013). Improving the effectiveness of an interruption lag by inducing a memory-based strategy. Acta Psychologica, 142(1), 87-96. (10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.09.003)
Morgan, P. L. and Patrick, J. (2013). Paying the price works: Increasing goal-state access cost improves problem solving and mitigates the effect of interruption. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(1), 160-178. (10.1080/17470218.2012.702117)
Williams, E. J., Bott, L., Patrick, J. and Lewis, M. B. (2013). Telling lies: The irrepressible truth?. Plos One, 8(4) (10.1371/journal.pone.0060713)
2012
Morgan, P. L. and Patrick, J. (2012). Increasing goal-state access costs to improve performance during problem solving and following interruption. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Patrick, J., Smy, V., Tombs, M. and Shelton, K. H. (2012). Being in one's chosen job determines pre-training attitudes and training outcomes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 85(2), 245-257. (10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02027.x)
Patrick, J., Bott, L., Morgan, P. L. and King, S. L. (2012). Out of sequence communications can affect causal judgement. Thinking & Reasoning, 18(2), 133-158. (10.1080/13546783.2012.658240)
2011
Waldron, S. M., Patrick, J. and Duggan, G. B. (2011). The influence of goal-state access cost on planning during problem solving. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(3), 485-503. (10.1080/17470218.2010.507276)
2010
Patrick, J. and Morgan, P. L. (2010). Approaches to understanding, analysing and developing situation awareness. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 11(1-2), 41-57. (10.1080/14639220903009946)
2009
Morgan, P. L., Patrick, J., Waldron, S. M., King, S. L. and Patrick, T. (2009). Improving memory after interruption: Exploiting soft constraints and manipulating information access cost. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 15(4), 291-306. (10.1037/a0018008)
Patrick, J., Scrase, G., Ahmed, A. and Tombs, M. (2009). Effectiveness of instructor behaviours and their relationship to leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(3), 491-509. (10.1348/096317908X360693)
2008
Waldron, S. M., Patrick, J., Duggan, G. B., Banbury, S. and Howes, A. (2008). Designing information fusion for the encoding of visual-spatial information. Ergonomics, 51(6), 775-797. (10.1080/00140130701811933 )
Publications
Online Publications
Click on my Researcher ID badge for electronic information about my publications:
Full List of Publications
2013
Morgan, P. L., Patrick, J. and Tiley, L. (2013). Improving the effectiveness of an interruption lag by inducing a memory-based strategy. Acta Psychologica, 142(1), 87-96. (10.1016/j.actpsy.2012.09.003)
Morgan, P. L. and Patrick, J. (2013). Paying the price works: Increasing goal-state access cost improves problem solving and mitigates the effect of interruption. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(1), 160-178. (10.1080/17470218.2012.702117)
Williams, E. J., Bott, L., Patrick, J. and Lewis, M. B. (2013). Telling lies: The irrepressible truth?. Plos One, 8(4) (10.1371/journal.pone.0060713)
2012
Morgan, P. L. and Patrick, J. (2012). Increasing goal-state access costs to improve performance during problem solving and following interruption. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Patrick, J., Smy, V., Tombs, M. and Shelton, K. H. (2012). Being in one's chosen job determines pre-training attitudes and training outcomes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 85(2), 245-257. (10.1111/j.2044-8325.2011.02027.x)
Patrick, J., Bott, L., Morgan, P. L. and King, S. L. (2012). Out of sequence communications can affect causal judgement. Thinking & Reasoning, 18(2), 133-158. (10.1080/13546783.2012.658240)
2011
Waldron, S. M., Patrick, J. and Duggan, G. B. (2011). The influence of goal-state access cost on planning during problem solving. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(3), 485-503. (10.1080/17470218.2010.507276)
2010
Patrick, J. and Morgan, P. L. (2010). Approaches to understanding, analysing and developing situation awareness. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 11(1-2), 41-57. (10.1080/14639220903009946)
2009
Morgan, P. L., Patrick, J., Waldron, S. M., King, S. L. and Patrick, T. (2009). Improving memory after interruption: Exploiting soft constraints and manipulating information access cost. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 15(4), 291-306. (10.1037/a0018008)
Patrick, J., Scrase, G., Ahmed, A. and Tombs, M. (2009). Effectiveness of instructor behaviours and their relationship to leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(3), 491-509. (10.1348/096317908X360693)
2008
Waldron, S. M., Patrick, J., Duggan, G. B., Banbury, S. and Howes, A. (2008). Designing information fusion for the encoding of visual-spatial information. Ergonomics, 51(6), 775-797. (10.1080/00140130701811933 )
2007
Patrick, J., Ahmed, A. and James, N. (2007). Awareness of control room teams. Le Travail Humain, 70(1), 67-94.
Waldron, S. M., Patrick, J., Morgan, P. L. and King, S. (2007). Influencing Cognitive Strategy by Manipulating Information Access. The Computer Journal, 50(6), 694-702. (10.1093/comjnl/bxm064)
2006
Patrick, J., James, N. and Ahmed, A. (2006). Human processes of control: tracing the goals and strategies of control room teams. Ergonomics, 49(12-13), 1395-1414. (10.1080/00140130600613042)
Patrick, J., James, N., Ahmed, A. and Halliday, P. J. (2006). Observational assessment of situation awareness, team differences and training implications. Ergonomics, 49(4), 393-417. (10.1080/00140130600576272)
2004
James, N. and Patrick, J. (2004). The role of situation awareness in sport. In: Banbury, S. and Tremblay, S. eds. A Cognitive Approach to Situation Awareness: Theory and Application. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 297-316.
Patrick, J. and James, N. (2004). A Task-Oriented Perspective of Situation Awareness. In: Banbury, S. and Tremblay, S. eds. A Cognitive Approach to Situation Awareness: Theory and Application. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp. 61-81.
Patrick, J. and James, N. (2004). Process tracing of complex cognitive work tasks. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(2), 259-280. (10.1348/096317904774202171)
2003
Patrick, J. (2003). Training. In: Tsang, P. and Vidulich, M. eds. Principles and practice of aviation psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 397-434.
Patrick, J. and Belton, S. (2003). What's going on?. Nuclear Engineering International, 48(582), 36-40.
2000
Patrick, J., Gregov, A. and Halliday, P. (2000). Analysing and training task analysis. Instructional Science, 28(1), 51-79. (10.1023/A:1003583420137)
1999
Patrick, J. (1999). Analysing operators' diagnostic reasoning during multiple events. Ergonomics, 42(3), 493-515. (10.1080/001401399185603)
Patrick, J. (1999). Training. In: Chmiel, N. ed. Introduction to work and organisational psychology: a European perspective (1st ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 100-124.
Patrick, J., Grainger, L., Gregov, A., Halliday, P., Handley, J., James, N. and O'Reilly, S. (1999). Training to break the barriers of habit in reasoning about unusual faults. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 5(3), 314-335. (10.1037/1076-898X.5.3.314)
Vaudrey, W., Patrick, J. and Halliday, P. (1999). Training to break the barriers in diagnosing unusual faults. Nuclear Engineering International, 44(541), 15-18.
1997
Munley, G. and Patrick, J. (1997). Training and transfer of a structural fault-finding strategy. Ergonomics, 40(1), 92-109. (10.1080/001401397188404)
1996
Boreham, N. and Patrick, J. (1996). Diagnosis and decision making in work situations: introduction [Editorial]. Le Travail Humain, 59(1), 1-4.
Patrick, J., James, N. and Friend, C. (1996). A field study of training fault-finding skill. Le Travail Humain, 59(1), 23-44.
© Copyright
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Research
Funding
Review of computer assisted learning and occupational training sponsored by National Development Programme for Computer Assisted Learning, 1977.
Retraining and selection by upgrading to technician: Grouping of skills project sponsored by the Training Services Agency (Phase 1), 1977 (£9,122).
Implementation of retraining and selection recommendations in upgrading to technician (Phase 2), funded by the Training Services Division of the Manpower Services Commission,1978 (£13,638)
Grouping of skills: Upgrading, selection and retraining. (Phase 3),funded by the Training Services Division of the Manpower Services Commission, 1978 (£29,806).
Development of training procedures for kiln control. Funded by Cement Makers Federation, 1980 (£17,500)
Training and selection of instrument personnel in cement and cement products industry. Funded by Ceramics, Glass and Brick ITB, 1980 (£35,000).
Production of manuals for developing training material in the plastics injection moulding industry. Funded by Rubber and Plastics Processing Industry Training Board, 1979 (£8,500).
NATO Study Visit Grant, 1979 (£1,200). A review of computer-based training in America. (Part of sabbatical programme, 1979).
Development of a British equivalent to the Position Analysis Questionnaire, 1981. 3 years. (£40,000). Funded by the Training Services Division of the Manpower Services Commission.
Training and selection of computer personnel, 1982. 1 year. (£37,000). Funded by CTAI, Manpower Services Commission.
A review of training materials for fault-finding, 1985. Contract jointly with K. Duncan. Funded by Manpower Services Commission. Seven months (£10,000).
The analysis and training of complex skills, 1988. ESRC/CNRS Research exchange award for discussions at various Universities of Paris. Hosted by Professor Leplat at Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire de Psychologie du Travail, Paris.
Computer based training and decision support for problem solving tasks, 1987-1991. Award to J. Patrick and K. Duncan from SERC Alvey Man-Machine Interface Directorate for collaborative research with British Steel, Port Talbot (Total £303,000, UWCC £164,000). Funded by SERC and DTI.
Development and coordination of Continuing Education with University of Swansea for courses in Occupational and Industrial Psychology. Funding from UFC (£30K over 2 years 1991-3).
Fault-finding expertise, 1992. Nuclear Safety Research Programme, Health and Safety Executive (£12,650).
Fault-finding expertise - Training and aiding for novel and challenging events. UKNuclear Safety Research Programme, HSE, £85K. Research Programme 1993-95.
Fault-finding in maintenance tasks. Funded by the Industry Management Committee, UK Nuclear Safety Research Programme, £26K, 1994-5.
Training to diagnose novel faults in complex systems. Funded by the Human Capital and Mobility Programme, EEC. £50K. 1993-95.
Expertise in dealing with challenging events. Funded by the Industry Management Committee, UK Nuclear Safety Research Programme, £90K, 1995-1997.
European Network on Prevention of Human Errors in Systems for Energy Production and Process Industry funded under the European Human Capital and Mobility Programme. 80K ECU (jointly with K. Duncan at Cardiff). Network included laboratories at Universities of Liege, Giessen, Valenciennes, Eindhoven and Cardiff and also links with laboratories in Hungary, Rumania and Russia. Research Programme 1993-97.
Situation awareness. Funded by the Industry Management Committee, UK Nuclear Safety Research Programme, £49K, 1997-1998
Analysing and developing Situation Awareness using simulated scenarios. Funded by the Industry Management Committee, UK Nuclear Safety Research Programme, £57K, 1999-2001
Overcoming Situational Awareness problems. Funded by the Industry Management Committee, UK Nuclear Safety Research Programme, £10K, 2002-2003.
Designing integrated displays to support team Situation Awareness. (Principal investigator with S. Banbury, A. Howes & D. Jones). Funded by UK, MoD Data and Information Fusion, Defence Technology Centre, £222K, 2003-2006.
Communications Research Centre. Funding from General Dynamics (UK). (with K. Lever and D. Marshall), £100K, 2003 – 2006.
Communication Research Centre. Funded under Science Research Infrastructure Round of Higher Education Funding Council for Wales. (with Schools of Engineering, Mathematics, and Departments of Computer Science, and Physics and Astronomy). £946K, 2004- 2007.
Effectiveness of coaching in military training. Funded through the Haldane-Spearman consortium by UK, MoD ‘Preparing People for Operations’ Programme, £100K, 2005-2006.
Multivariate information management and exchange (with D. Jones). Funded by UK, MoD, Data and Information Fusion, Defence Technology Centre, £247K, 2006-2009.
Temporal debiasing decision key. Funded by UK, MoD, Data and Information Fusion, Defence Technology Centre, £198K, 2006-2009.
Psychological techniques for identifying deceit. EADS; £124K, 2008-2011.
Two interdisciplinary studentships of 3.5 yrs & £70K each, funded by industrial and matched funding from ENGIN, COMSC & PSYCH, 2009-2012.
Tri-Service review of training principles. Funded through the Haldane-Spearman consortium by UK, MoD ‘Preparing People for Operations’ Programme, £90K, 2010-2011.
Recent Research Development and Collaboration
Developed with Professors King & Lever the University’s participation in the first MoD funded Defence Technology Centre (DTC) concerned with Data and Information Fusion involving a consortium of three defence companies (General Dynamics UK, BT & QinetiQ) and eight universities (Cambridge, Imperial, Surrey, Cranfield, Lancaster, Bristol, Southampton & Cardiff) led by GD UK. In the first annual funding round, the University won three contracts worth about £660K.
Developed the interdisciplinary Human Factors Technology Centre (HFTC) as Deputy Director and collaborated with Engineering, and Computer Science. Designed bespoke laboratories and secured £946K SRIF 2 money to equip them, £100K from General Dynamics UK and £225K from EPSRC’s Collaborative Training Accounts to establish a part-time MSc in Data and Information Fusion.
Organised the School’s membership of the successful Haldane-Spearman consortium that includes Universities of Birmingham, Cardiff, Nottingham, and Loughborough plus QinetiQ, Quintec and other industrial organisations. The consortium secured preferred supplier status for £18M research funding under UK, MoD’s ‘Preparing People for Operations’ Programme in Human Science, now in Phase 3.
Organised the School’s participation in, and development of the proposed £9.5M Welsh Aerospace Research Institute (WARI) with research funding for School of Psychology.
Developed the School’s and University’s collaboration with EADS and Welsh Assembly Government, £1M pa. grant. Chair of the University Advisory panel for EADS Foundation.
Collaboration within the School with Lewis Bott & Michael Lewis.
Organisation of National and International Conferences
International programme organiser of European conferences in Cognitive Science Approaches to Process Control, 1989-2002. Joint Conference Director of Third European Conference on Cognitive Science Approaches to Process Control held at UWCC, Cardiff, 2nd-6th September, 1991 Organiser of the 1st European Network meeting (CADES) on Operator Training and the Acquisition of Cognitive Skills, the School of Psychology, 26-28 September 1990 and sponsored by CNRS (France). Joint conference director for the 6th European Annual Conference on Human Decision Making and Manual Control, the Department of Applied Psychology, UWIST, Cardiff, 2-4 June 1986. Conference organiser for BPS Annual Conferences in Occupational Psychology, 1982-84.
Postgraduate Students
Postgraduate Research Interests
My research is concerned with Human Factors and, Cognitive and Occupational Psychology, particularly training, problem solving and factors affecting interface design. One major application area has been industrial problem solving and the use of process tracing techniques to identify a problem solver s major cognitive activities. Recent research has investigated the nature of team processes and also how information should be displayed in dynamic task situations to optimise task relevant processing. Topics of current interest include:
How to overcome different types of constraint that inhibit problem solving
The effect of temporal and other factors concerning communications on judgment
How to facilitate the processing of complex information in HCI situations
Factors that affect motivation to learn
Hypothesis generation in problem solving
Planning and minimising the effect of interruptions
If you are interested in applying for a PhD please submit a formal application here.
Current Students
Smy, V. Design Problem Solving
Previous Students
Barwell F. (1981) Cognitive structures, strategies and instruction. University of Aston.
Nichols C.A. (1982) An investigation of work and life attitudes among the white collar employees of a Midlands engineering company. University of Aston.
Sparrow J. (1984) Ability assessment and job structure measures in occupational mobility. University of Aston.
Kandola R.S. (1986) Fairness in personnel selection. University of Aston.
Munley G. (1991) Transfer of fault-finding skill. University of Wales.
Ertoren I. (1992) Transfer of fault-finding. University of Wales.
Tombs M. (1995) Cognitive processes in fault-finding. University of Wales.
James N. (1996) Verbal report and problem solving. University of Wales.
Gregov A. (1997) Diagnosing novel and difficult faults. University of Wales.
Marsden H. (1998) Confirmation bias. University of Wales.
Waldron S. (2008) The availability and cost of accessing information from the interface; consequences for memory, learning and planning. Cardiff University.
Tombs M. (2011) Motivation to learn: Test of a model in different training contexts. Cardiff University.
Ahmed, A. (2011) Mitigating the effects of implicit constraints in verbal insight problem solving through training. Cardiff University.
Biography
Undergraduate Education
1965-1968: Hull University, BA Joint Honours Psychology/Sociology, Upper Second Honours
Postgraduate Education
1968-1971: Hull University, PhD Psychology Department, "An Investigation of Short-Term Motor Memory" (University Social Science Research Scholarship)
External Committees
2001-2010: Senior Editor of Le Travail Humain
Grant reviewer for EPSRC, ESRC, various EC research programmes and reviewer of Director's reports of ESRC Research Programmes.
Referee for various journals and reviewer of book proposals for various publishers.
2006-2009: Research leader of the Human Factors and HCI theme in the UK, MoD Data & Information Fusion, Defence Technology Centre (DIF DTC), responsible for review of eight projects from Bristol, Cardiff, Southampton & Cranfield Universities and industrial partners BT and QinetiQ. Responsible for organising and chairing quarterly scientific meetings for this theme. Member of the DIF DTC Science and Technology Board.
2007-2012: Research leader of the Training theme in the Haldane-Spearman consortium, (2004-date) and academic advisor on UK, MoD Tri-Service Training project, £1.5M.
Employment
1971-1972: Lecturer in Psychology, Hull University
1972-1983: Lecturer in Applied Psychology, University of Aston
1983-1988: New Blood Lecturer (EPSRC), Department of Applied Psychology, UWIST
1988-2005: Senior Lecturer, School of Psychology, University of Cardiff
2005-2008: Reader, School of Psychology, University of Cardiff
2008-present: Professor, School of Psychology, University of Cardiff
