Professor Kim Graham - BSc (Hons Edin), PhD (Cantab)
Overview
Research Group:
Cognitive Neuroscience
Location: Tower Building, Park Place
Email: GrahamKS@cardiff.ac.uk
Telephone: +44(0)29 208 70468
Research Summary
My main research interest is in human long-term memory (our store of episodes from the past and our factual knowledge about the world). I am particularly interested in the neural substrates of long-term memory, and how this key cognitive system interacts with language, semantic memory, and perception. I test hypotheses from a novel representational view of memory, the Emergent Memory Account (Graham et al., 2010), and use the new scientific knowledge we glean from this model to understand memory impairment after brain damage, and to develop novel cognitive and imaging biomarkers for measuring disease progression.
Teaching Summary
I teach on PS3208 ‘Memory Processes and Memory Disorders’. My lectures introduce students to disorders of semantic memory, including semantic dementia, semantic aphasia and encephalitis, and aim to highlight how neuropsychology can inform our understanding of human memory. The lectures also introduce other informative cognitive neuroscience techniques, such as functional neuroimaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). I also teach postgraduate students undertaking our MSc in Neuroimaging. Our module on ‘Memory: Functions and Failures’ (PST505) covers the anatomy of human memory, as well as current controversies in our understanding of the neural basis of episodic and semantic memory. Like PS3208, a cross-disciplinary approach is adopted, aimed at providing students with the skills to use neuroimaging techniques to address translational questions in memory research.
Selected Publications (2008 onwards)
2012
Irish, M., Graham, A., Graham, K. S., Hodges, J. R. and Hornberger, M. (2012). Differential Impairment of Source Memory in Progressive Versus Non-progressive Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27(3), 338-347. (10.1093/arclin/acs033)
Watson, H. C., Wilding, E. L. and Graham, K. S.
(2012).
A role for perirhinal cortex in memory for novel object-context associations. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(13), 4473-4481.
(10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5751-11.2012)
2011
Barense, M. D., Henson, R. N. A. and Graham, K. S. (2011). Perception and Conception: Temporal Lobe Activity during Complex Discriminations of Familiar and Novel Faces and Objects. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(10), 3052-3067. (10.1162/jocn_a_00010)
Clague, F., Graham, K. S., Thompson, S. A. and Hodges, J. R. (2011). Is Knowledge of Famous People Compromised in Mild Cognitive Impairment?. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 24(3), 134-144. (10.1097/WNN.0b013e318234315a)
Duarte, A., Henson, R. N. and Graham, K. S. (2011). Stimulus content and the neural correlates of source memory. Brain Research, 1373, 110-123. (10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.086)
Greve, A., Evans, C. J., Graham, K. S. and Wilding, E. L. (2011). Functional specialisation in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex during the encoding of verbal associations. Neuropsychologia, 49(9), 2746-2754. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.002)
2010
Barense, M. D., Rogers, T. T., Bussey, T. J., Saksida, L. M. and Graham, K. S. (2010). Influence of Conceptual Knowledge on Visual Object Discrimination: Insights from Semantic Dementia and MTL Amnesia. Cerebral Cortex, 20(11), 2568-2582. (10.1093/cercor/bhq004)
Duarte, A., Graham, K. S. and Henson, R. N. (2010). Age-related changes in neural activity associated with familiarity, recollection and false recognition. Neurobiology of Aging, 31(10), 1814-1830. (10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.014)
Duarte, A., Henson, R. N., Knight, R. T., Emery, T. and Graham, K. S. (2010). Orbito-frontal Cortex is Necessary for Temporal Context Memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(8), 1819-1831. (10.1162/jocn.2009.21316)
Graham, K. S., Barense, M. D. and Lee, A. C. H. (2010). Going beyond LTM in the MTL: A synthesis of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings on the role of the medial temporal lobe in memory and perception. Neuropsychologia, 48(4), 831-853. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.01.001)
Twigg, G. L., Papaioannou, I., Jackson, M., Ghiassi, R., Shaikh, Z., Jaye, J., Graham, K. S., Simonds, A. K. and Morrell, M. J. (2010). Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Is Associated with Deficits in Verbal but Not Visual Memory. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 182(1), 98-103. (10.1164/rccm.200901-0065OC)
2009
Barense, M. D., Henson, R. N., Lee, A. C. and Graham, K. S. (2009). Medial temporal lobe activity during complex discrimination of faces, objects, and scenes: Effects of viewpoint. Hippocampus, 20(3), 389-401. (10.1002/hipo.20641)
Butler, C. R., Bhaduri, A., Acosta-Cabronero, J., Nestor, P. J., Kapur, N., Graham, K. S., Hodges, J. R. and Zeman, A. Z. (2009). Transient epileptic amnesia: regional brain atrophy and its relationship to memory deficits. Brain, 132(2), 357-368. (10.1093/brain/awn336)
Davies, R. R., Scahill, V. L., Graham, A., Williams, G. B., Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (2009). Development of an MRI rating scale for multiple brain regions: comparison with volumetrics and with voxel-based morphometry. Neuroradiology, 51(8), 491-503. (10.1007/s00234-009-0521-z)
Dewar, B., Patterson, K., Wilson, B. A. and Graham, K. S. (2009). Re-acquisition of person knowledge in semantic memory disorders. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19(3), 383-421. (10.1080/09602010802278152)
Hornberger, M., Bell, B., Graham, K. S. and Rogers, T. T. (2009). Are judgments of semantic relatedness systematically impaired in Alzheimer's disease?. Neuropsychologia, 47(14), 3084-3094. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.07.006)
Mundy, M. E., Honey, R. C., Downing, P. E., Wise, R. G., Graham, K. S. and Dwyer, D. M. (2009). Material-independent and material-specific activation in functional MRI after perceptual learning. NeuroReport, 20(16), 1397-1401. (10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832f81f4)
2008
Ahmed, S., Arnold, R., Thompson, S. A., Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (2008). Naming of objects, faces and buildings in mild cognitive impairment. Cortex, 44(6), 746-752. (10.1016/j.cortex.2007.02.002)
Duarte, A., Henson, R. N. and Graham, K. S. (2008). The effects of aging on the neural correlates of subjective and objective recollection. Cerebral Cortex, 18(9), 2169-2180. (10.1093/cercor/bhm243)
Graham, K. S., Lee, A. C. and Barense, M. D. (2008). Chapter 5.1 Memory and perceptual impairments in amnesia and dementia. In: Dere, E. et al. eds. Handbook of Episodic Memory. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 485-501, 631. (10.1016/S1569-7339(08)00226-9)
Graham, K. S., Lee, A. C. H. and Barense, M. D. (2008). Invited Address at the Occasion of the Bertelson Award 2005 Impairments in visual discrimination in amnesia: Implications for theories of the role of medial temporal lobe regions in human memory. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 20(4), 655-696. (10.1080/09541440701554110)
Lee, A. C. H., Scahill, V. L. and Graham, K. S. (2008). Activating the medial temporal lobe during oddity judgment for faces and scenes. Cerebral Cortex, 18(3), 683-696. (10.1093/cercor/bhm104)
Publications
Online Publications
Click on my Researcher ID badge for electronic information about my publications:
Full List of Publications
2012
Irish, M., Graham, A., Graham, K. S., Hodges, J. R. and Hornberger, M. (2012). Differential Impairment of Source Memory in Progressive Versus Non-progressive Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 27(3), 338-347. (10.1093/arclin/acs033)
Watson, H. C., Wilding, E. L. and Graham, K. S.
(2012).
A role for perirhinal cortex in memory for novel object-context associations. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(13), 4473-4481.
(10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5751-11.2012)
2011
Barense, M. D., Henson, R. N. A. and Graham, K. S. (2011). Perception and Conception: Temporal Lobe Activity during Complex Discriminations of Familiar and Novel Faces and Objects. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(10), 3052-3067. (10.1162/jocn_a_00010)
Clague, F., Graham, K. S., Thompson, S. A. and Hodges, J. R. (2011). Is Knowledge of Famous People Compromised in Mild Cognitive Impairment?. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 24(3), 134-144. (10.1097/WNN.0b013e318234315a)
Duarte, A., Henson, R. N. and Graham, K. S. (2011). Stimulus content and the neural correlates of source memory. Brain Research, 1373, 110-123. (10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.086)
Greve, A., Evans, C. J., Graham, K. S. and Wilding, E. L. (2011). Functional specialisation in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex during the encoding of verbal associations. Neuropsychologia, 49(9), 2746-2754. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.002)
2010
Barense, M. D., Rogers, T. T., Bussey, T. J., Saksida, L. M. and Graham, K. S. (2010). Influence of Conceptual Knowledge on Visual Object Discrimination: Insights from Semantic Dementia and MTL Amnesia. Cerebral Cortex, 20(11), 2568-2582. (10.1093/cercor/bhq004)
Duarte, A., Graham, K. S. and Henson, R. N. (2010). Age-related changes in neural activity associated with familiarity, recollection and false recognition. Neurobiology of Aging, 31(10), 1814-1830. (10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.014)
Duarte, A., Henson, R. N., Knight, R. T., Emery, T. and Graham, K. S. (2010). Orbito-frontal Cortex is Necessary for Temporal Context Memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(8), 1819-1831. (10.1162/jocn.2009.21316)
Graham, K. S., Barense, M. D. and Lee, A. C. H. (2010). Going beyond LTM in the MTL: A synthesis of neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings on the role of the medial temporal lobe in memory and perception. Neuropsychologia, 48(4), 831-853. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.01.001)
Twigg, G. L., Papaioannou, I., Jackson, M., Ghiassi, R., Shaikh, Z., Jaye, J., Graham, K. S., Simonds, A. K. and Morrell, M. J. (2010). Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Is Associated with Deficits in Verbal but Not Visual Memory. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 182(1), 98-103. (10.1164/rccm.200901-0065OC)
2009
Barense, M. D., Henson, R. N., Lee, A. C. and Graham, K. S. (2009). Medial temporal lobe activity during complex discrimination of faces, objects, and scenes: Effects of viewpoint. Hippocampus, 20(3), 389-401. (10.1002/hipo.20641)
Butler, C. R., Bhaduri, A., Acosta-Cabronero, J., Nestor, P. J., Kapur, N., Graham, K. S., Hodges, J. R. and Zeman, A. Z. (2009). Transient epileptic amnesia: regional brain atrophy and its relationship to memory deficits. Brain, 132(2), 357-368. (10.1093/brain/awn336)
Davies, R. R., Scahill, V. L., Graham, A., Williams, G. B., Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (2009). Development of an MRI rating scale for multiple brain regions: comparison with volumetrics and with voxel-based morphometry. Neuroradiology, 51(8), 491-503. (10.1007/s00234-009-0521-z)
Dewar, B., Patterson, K., Wilson, B. A. and Graham, K. S. (2009). Re-acquisition of person knowledge in semantic memory disorders. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19(3), 383-421. (10.1080/09602010802278152)
Hornberger, M., Bell, B., Graham, K. S. and Rogers, T. T. (2009). Are judgments of semantic relatedness systematically impaired in Alzheimer's disease?. Neuropsychologia, 47(14), 3084-3094. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.07.006)
Mundy, M. E., Honey, R. C., Downing, P. E., Wise, R. G., Graham, K. S. and Dwyer, D. M. (2009). Material-independent and material-specific activation in functional MRI after perceptual learning. NeuroReport, 20(16), 1397-1401. (10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832f81f4)
2008
Ahmed, S., Arnold, R., Thompson, S. A., Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (2008). Naming of objects, faces and buildings in mild cognitive impairment. Cortex, 44(6), 746-752. (10.1016/j.cortex.2007.02.002)
Duarte, A., Henson, R. N. and Graham, K. S. (2008). The effects of aging on the neural correlates of subjective and objective recollection. Cerebral Cortex, 18(9), 2169-2180. (10.1093/cercor/bhm243)
Graham, K. S., Lee, A. C. and Barense, M. D. (2008). Chapter 5.1 Memory and perceptual impairments in amnesia and dementia. In: Dere, E. et al. eds. Handbook of Episodic Memory. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 485-501, 631. (10.1016/S1569-7339(08)00226-9)
Graham, K. S., Lee, A. C. H. and Barense, M. D. (2008). Invited Address at the Occasion of the Bertelson Award 2005 Impairments in visual discrimination in amnesia: Implications for theories of the role of medial temporal lobe regions in human memory. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 20(4), 655-696. (10.1080/09541440701554110)
Lee, A. C. H., Scahill, V. L. and Graham, K. S. (2008). Activating the medial temporal lobe during oddity judgment for faces and scenes. Cerebral Cortex, 18(3), 683-696. (10.1093/cercor/bhm104)
2007
Barense, M. D., Gaffan, D. and Graham, K. S. (2007). The human medial temporal lobe processes online representations of complex objects. Neuropsychologia, 45(13), 2963-2974. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.05.023)
Butler, C. R., Graham, K. S., Hodges, J. R., Kapur, N., Wardlaw, J. M. and Zeman, A. Z. J. (2007). The syndrome of transient epileptic amnesia. Annals of Neurology, 62(6), 587-598. (10.1002/ana.21111 )
Lee, A., Levi, N., Davies, R., Hodges, J. and Graham, K. S. (2007). Differing profiles of face and scene discrimination deficits in semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 45(9), 2135-2146. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.01.010)
Rogers, T. T., Patterson, K. and Graham, K. S. (2007). Colour knowledge in semantic dementia: It is not all black and white. Neuropsychologia, 45(14), 3285-3298. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.06.020)
Simons, J. S. and Graham, K. S. (2007). Amnesia. In: Fink, G. ed. Encyclopaedia of Stress (2nd ed.) . San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 158-160.
Taylor, K. J., Henson, R. N. A. and Graham, K. S. (2007). Recognition memory for faces and scenes in amnesia: Dissociable roles of medial temporal lobe structures. Neuropsychologia, 45(11), 2428-2438. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.04.004)
2006
Cumming, T. B., Graham, K. S. and Patterson, K. (2006). Repetition priming and hyperpriming in semantic dementia. Brain and Language, 98(2), 221-234. (10.1016/j.bandl.2006.05.002)
Cumming, T. B., Patterson, K., Verfaellie, M. and Graham, K. S. (2006). One bird with two stones: Abnormal word length effects in pure alexia and semantic dementia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 23(8), 1130-1161. (10.1080/02643290600674143)
Graham, K. S., Scahill, V. L., Hornberger, M., Barense, M. D., Lee, A. C. H., Bussey, T. J. and Saksida, L. M. (2006). Abnormal categorization and perceptual learning in patients with hippocampal damage. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(29), 7547-7554. (10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1535-06.2006)
Ikeda, M., Patterson, K., Graham, K. S., Ralph, M. A. L. and Hodges, J. R. (2006). A horse of a different colour: Do patients with semantic dementia recognise different versions of the same object as the same?. Neuropsychologia, 44(4), 566-575. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.006)
Lee, A. C. H., Buckley, M. J., Gaffan, D., Emery, T., Hodges, J. R. and Graham, K. S. (2006). Differentiating the roles of the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex in processes beyond long-term declarative memory: a double dissociation in dementia. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(19), 5198-5203. (10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3157-05.2006)
Lee, A. C. H., Bandelow, S., Schwarzbauer, C., Henson, R. N. A. and Graham, K. S. (2006). Perirhinal cortex activity during visual object discrimination: an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage, 33(1), 362-373. (10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.021)
2005
Barense, M. D., Bussey, T. J., Lee, A. C. H., Rogers, T. T., Davies, R. R., Saksida, L. M., Murray, E. A. and Graham, K. S.
(2005).
Functional specialization in the human medial temporal lobe. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(44), 10239-10246.
(10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2704-05.2005)
Clague, F., Dudas, R. B., Thompson, S. A., Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (2005). Multidimensional measures of person knowledge and spatial associative learning: can these be applied to the differentiation of Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal and vascular dementia?. Neuropsychologia, 43(9), 1338-1350. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.11.023)
Dudas, R. B., Clague, F., Thompson, S. A., Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (2005). Episodic and semantic memory in mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 43(9), 1266-1276. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.12.005)
Graham, A., Davies, R., Xuereb, J., Halliday, G., Kril, J., Creasey, H., Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. (2005). Pathologically proven frontotemporal dementia presenting with severe amnesia. Brain, 128(3), 597-605. (10.1093/brain/awh348)
Graham, K. S. and Gaffan, D. (2005). The role of the medial temporal lobe in memory and perception: evidence from rats, nonhuman primates and humans. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 58(3-4), 193-201. (10.1080/02724990544000059)
Lee, A. C. H., Bussey, T. J., Murray, E. A., Saksida, L. M., Epstein, R. A., Kapur, N., Hodges, J. R. and Graham, K. S. (2005). Perceptual deficits in amnesia: challenging the medial temporal lobe 'mnemonic' view. Neuropsychologia, 43(1), 1-11. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.07.017)
Lee, A. C. H., Buckley, M. J., Pegman, S. J., Spiers, H., Scahill, V. L., Gaffan, D., Bussey, T. J., Davies, R. R., Kapur, N., Hodges, J. R. and Graham, K. S. (2005). Specialization in the medial temporal lobe for processing of objects and scenes. Hippocampus, 15(6), 782-797. (10.1002/hipo.20101)
Lee, A. C. H., Barense, M. and Graham, K. S. (2005). The contribution of the human medial temporal lobe to perception: bridging the gap between animal and human studies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 58(3-4), 300-325. (10.1080/02724990444000168)
Manes, F., Graham, K. S., Zeman, A., de Luján Calcagno, M. and Hodges, J. R. (2005). Autobiographical amnesia and accelerated forgetting in transient epileptic amnesia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 76(10), 1387-1391. (10.1136/jnnp.2004.036582)
Murray, E., Graham, K. S. and Gaffan, D. (2005). Perirhinal cortex and its neighbours in the medial temporal lobe: contributions to memory and perception. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 58(3-4), 378-396. (10.1080/02724990544000077)
Scahill, V. L., Hodges, J. R. and Graham, K. S. (2005). Can episodic memory tasks differentiate semantic dementia from Alzheimer's Disease?. Neurocase, 11(6), 441-451. (10.1080/13554790500287734)
Simons, J. S., Lee, A. C. H., Graham, K. S., Verfaellie, M., Koutstaal, W., Hodges, J. R., Schacter, D. L. and Budson, A. E. (2005). Failing to Get the Gist: Reduced False Recognition of Semantic Associates in Semantic Dementia. Neuropsychology, 19(3), 353-361. (10.1037/0894-4105.19.3.353)
2004
Bernard, F. A., Bullmore, E. T., Graham, K. S., Thompson, S. A., Hodges, J. R. and Fletcher, P. C. (2004). The hippocampal region is involved in successful recognition of both remote and recent famous faces. NeuroImage, 22(4), 1704-1714. (10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.036)
Davies, R. R., Graham, K. S., Xuereb, J. H., Williams, G. B. and Hodges, J. R. (2004). The human perirhinal cortex and semantic memory. European Journal of Neuroscience, 20(9), 2441-2446. (10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03710.x)
Thompson, S. A., Graham, K. S., Williams, G., Patterson, K., Kapur, N. and Hodges, J. R. (2004). Dissociating person-specific from general semantic knowledge: roles of the left and right temporal lobes. Neuropsychologia, 42(3), 359-370. (10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.004)
2003
Bozeat, S., Lambon-Ralph, M. A., Graham, K. S., Patterson, K., Wilkin, H., Rowland, J., Rogers, T. T. and Hodges, J. R. (2003). A duck with four legs: Investigating the structure of conceptual knowledge using picture drawing in semantic dementia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 20(1), 27-47. (10.1080/02643290244000176)
Epstein, R., Graham, K. S. and Downing, P. E. (2003). Viewpoint-specific scene representations in human parahippocampal cortex. Neuron, 37(5), 865-876. (10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00117-X)
Evans, J. J., Graham, K. S., Pratt, K. H. and Hodges, J. R. (2003). The impact of disrupted cortico-cortico connectivity: A long term follow-up of a case of local retrograde amnesia. Cortex, 39(4-5), 767-790. (10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70863-3)
Graham, K. S., Johnsrude, I. S. and Simons, J. S. (2003). Temporal lobe. In: Aminoff, M. and Daroff, R. eds. Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences, Vol 4. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 486-495. (10.1016/B0-12-226870-9/00779-6)
Graham, K. S., Lee, A. C. H., Brett, M. and Patterson, K. (2003). The neural basis of autobiographical and semantic memory: New evidence from three PET studies. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 3(3), 234-254. (10.3758/CABN.3.3.234)
Graham, K. S., Kropelnicki, A., Goldman, W. P. and Hodges, J. R. (2003). Two further investigations of autobiographical memory in semantic dementia. Cortex, 39(4-5), 729-750. (10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70861-X)
Hovius, M., Kellenbach, M. L., Graham, K. S., Hodges, J. R. and Patterson, K. (2003). What does the object decision task measure? Reflections on the basis of evidence from semantic dementia. Neuropsychology, 17(1), 100-107. (10.1037/0894-4105.17.1.100)
Lee, A. C. H., Rahman, S., Hodges, J. R., Sahakian, B. J. and Graham, K. S. (2003). Associative and recognition memory for novel objects in dementia: implications for diagnosis. European Journal of Neuroscience, 18(6), 1660-1670. (10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02883.x)
Price, C. J., Gorno-Tempini, M. L., Graham, K. S., Biggio, N., Mechelli, A., Patterson, K. and Noppeney, U. (2003). Normal and pathological reading: converging data from lesion and imaging studies. NeuroImage, 20(S1), S30-S41. (10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.012)
2002
Graham, K. S., Patterson, K., Powis, J., Drake, J. and Hodges, J. R. (2002). Multiple inputs to episodic memory: Words tell another story. Neuropsychology, 16(3), 380-389. (10.1037/0894-4105.16.3.380)
Kapur, N. and Graham, K. S. (2002). Recovery of memory function in neurological disease. In: Baddeley, A., Kopelman, M. and Wilson, B. eds. Handbook of Memory Disorders (2nd ed.). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 233-248.
Lee, A. C. H., Robbins, T. W., Graham, K. S. and Owen, A. M. (2002). "Pray or prey?" Dissociation of semantic memory retrieval from episodic memory processes using positron emission tomography and a novel homophone task. NeuroImage, 16(3A), 724-735. (10.1006/nimg.2002.1101)
Lee, A. C. H., Graham, K. S., Simons, J. S., Hodges, J. R., Owen, A. M. and Patterson, K. (2002). Regional brain activations differ for semantic features but not categories. Neuroreport, 13(12), 1497-1501.
Nestor, P. J., Graham, K. S., Bozeat, S., Simons, J. S. and Hodges, J. R. (2002). Memory consolidation and the hippocampus: further evidence from studies of autobiographical memory in semantic dementia and frontal variant frontotemporal dementia. Neuropsychologia, 40(6), 633-654. (10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00155-5)
Simons, J. S., Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (2002). Perceptual and semantic contributions to episodic memory: evidence from semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Memory and Language, 47(2), 197-213. (10.1016/S0749-596X(02)00003-7)
Simons, J. S., Verfaellie, M., Galton, C. J., Miller, B. L., Hodges, J. R. and Graham, K. S. (2002). Recollection-based memory in frontotemporal dementia: Implications for theories of long-term memory. Brain, 125(11), 2523-2536. (10.1093/brain/awf247)
Thomas, R. M., Forde, E. M., Humphreys, G. W. and Graham, K. S. (2002). A Longitudinal Study of Category-specific Agnosia. Neurocase, 8(6), 466-479. (10.1076/neur.8.5.466.16179)
Thompson, S. A., Graham, K. S., Patterson, K., Sahakian, B. J. and Hodges, J. R. (2002). Is knowledge of famous people disproportionately impaired in patients with early and questionable Alzheimer's disease?. Neuropsychology, 16(3), 344-358. (10.1037/0894-4105.16.3.344)
2001
Galton, C. J., Patterson, K., Graham, K. S., Lambon-Ralph, M. A., Williams, G., Antoun, N., Sahakian, B. J. and Hodges, J. R. (2001). Differing patterns of temporal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease and semantic dementia. Neurology, 57(2), 216-225. (10.1212/WNL.57.2.216)
Graham, K. S., Patterson, K., Pratt, K. H. and Hodges, J. R. (2001). Can repeated exposure to "forgotten" vocabulary help alleviate word-finding difficulties in semantic dementia? An illustrative case study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 11(3-4), 429-454. (10.1080/09602010042000060)
Hodges, J. R. and Graham, K. S. (2001). Episodic memory: insights from semantic dementia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B - Biological Sciences, 356(1413), 1423-1434. (10.1098/rstb.2001.0943)
Manes, F., Hodges, J. R., Graham, K. S. and Zeman, A. (2001). Focal autobiographical amnesia in association with transient epileptic amnesia. Brain, 124(3), 499-509. (10.1093/brain/124.3.499)
Murre, J. M. J., Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (2001). Semantic dementia: relevance to connectionist models of long-term memory. Brain, 124(4), 647-675. (10.1093/brain/124.4.647)
Simons, J. S., Graham, K. S., Owen, A. M., Patterson, K. and Hodges, J. R. (2001). Perceptual and semantic components of memory for objects and faces: A PET study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13(4), 430-443. (10.1162/08989290152001862)
Simons, J. S., Graham, K. S., Galton, C. J., Patterson, K. and Hodges, J. R. (2001). Semantic knowledge and episodic memory for faces in semantic dementia. Neuropsychology, 15(1), 101-114. (10.1037/0894-4105.15.1.101)
2000
Graham, K. S., Simons, J. S., Pratt, K. H., Patterson, K. and Hodges, J. R. (2000). Insights from semantic dementia on the relationship between episodic and semantic memory. Neuropsychologia, 38(3), 313-324. (10.1016/S0028-3932(99)00073-1)
Simons, J. S. and Graham, K. S. (2000). Amnesia. In: Fink, G. ed. Encyclopaedia of Stress, Vol 1 A-D. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 176-177. (10.1016/B978-012373947-6.00030-1)
Simons, J. S. and Graham, K. S. (2000). New learning in semantic dementia: Implications for cognitive and neuroanatomical models of long-term memory. Revue de Neuropsychologie, 10(1), 199-215.
1999
Graham, K. S., Lambon-Ralph, M. A. and Hodges, J. R. (1999). A questionable semantics: The interaction between semantic knowledge and autobiographical experience in semantic dementia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 16(7), 689-698. (10.1080/026432999380708)
Graham, K. S., Murre, J. M. J. and Hodges, J. R. (1999). Episodic memory in semantic dementia: A computational approach based on the TraceLink model. In: Reggia, J., Ruppin, E. and Glanzman, D. eds. Disorders of Brain, Behaviour and Cognition: The neurocomputational perspective. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 47-65. (10.1016/S0079-6123(08)63066-6)
Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (1999). Episodic memory in semantic dementia: Implications for the roles played by the perirhinal and hippocampal memory systems in new learning [Letter]. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22(3), 452-453. (10.1017/S0140525X99292035)
Graham, K. S., Patterson, K. and Hodges, J. R. (1999). Episodic memory: new insights from the study of semantic dementia. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 9(2), 245-250. (10.1016/S0959-4388(99)80035-X)
Graham, K. S., Patterson, K., Pratt, K. H. and Hodges, J. R. (1999). Relearning and subsequent forgetting of semantic category exemplars in a case of semantic dementia. Neuropsychology, 13(3), 359-380. (10.1037/0894-4105.13.3.359)
Graham, K. S. (1999). Semantic dementia: a challenge to the multiple-trace theory?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(3), 85-87. (10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01284-X)
Lambon-Ralph, M. A., Graham, K. S., Patterson, K. and Hodges, J. R. (1999). Is a picture worth a thousand words? Evidence from concept definitions by patients with semantic dementia. Brain and Language, 70(3), 309-335. (10.1006/brln.1999.2143)
Simons, J. S., Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (1999). What does semantic dementia reveal about the functional role of the perirhinal cortex?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(7), 248-249. (10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01334-0)
1998
Graham, K. S., Pratt, K. H. and Hodges, J. R. (1998). A reverse temporal gradient for public events in a single case of semantic dementia. Neurocase, 4(6), 461-470. (10.1080/13554799808410639)
Graham, K. S., Patterson, K. and Hodges, J. R. (1998). Semantic dementia and pure anomia: Two varieties of progressive fluent aphasia. In: Visch-Brink, E. and Bastiaane, R. eds. Linguistic Levels in Aphasiology. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group, pp. 49-67.
Hodges, J. R. and Graham, K. S. (1998). A reversal of the temporal gradient for famous person knowledge in semantic dementia: implications for the neural organisation of long term memory. Neuropsychologia, 36(8), 803-825. (10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00126-7)
Ralph, M. A. L., Graham, K. S., Ellis, A. W. and Hodges, J. R. (1998). Naming in semantic dementia - what matters?. Neuropsychologia, 36(8), 775-784. (10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00169-3)
1997
Graham, K. S., Lambon-Ralph, M. A. and Hodges, J. R. (1997). Determining the impact of autobiographical experience on "meaning": New insights from investigating sports-related vocabulary and knowledge in two cases with semantic dementia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 14(6), 801-837. (10.1080/026432997381367)
Graham, K. S. and Hodges, J. R. (1997). Differentiating the roles of the hippocampal complex and the neocortex in long-term memory storage: Evidence from the study of semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 11(1), 77-89. (10.1037/0894-4105.11.1.77)
Graham, K. S., Becker, J. T., Patterson, K. and Hodges, J. R. (1997). Lost for words: A case of primary progressive aphasia?. In: Parkin, A. ed. Case studies in the neuropsychology of memory. Hove: Pychology Press, pp. 83-110.
Graham, K. S., Becker, J. T. and Hodges, J. R. (1997). On the relationship between knowledge and memory for pictures: Evidence from the study of patients with semantic dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 30(6), 534-544.
1995
Graham, K., Patterson, K. and Hodges, J. R. (1995). Progressive pure anomia: Insufficient activation of phonology by meaning. Neurocase, 1(1), 25-38. (10.1080/13554799508402344)
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Research
Research Topics and Related Papers
My research focuses on the neural basis of human memory and perception. I am particularly interested in how episodic memory is constructed, and how loss of different types of memory, such as semantic memory, impact on other cognitive functions (e.g., language, Cumming et al., 2006, and perception, Rogers et al., 2007).
In collaboration with my colleagues at University of Toronto, Dr Andy Lee and Dr Morgan Barense, I have been investigating a new model of human memory, the emergent memory account (EMA), which proposes that memory is dependent upon multiple distributed perceptual and linguistic representations (Barense et al., 2009, Hippocampus; Graham et al., 2010, Neuropsychologia; Lee et al., 2008, Cerebral Cortex). This model highlights the importance of different types of material in memory, and can be contrasted with more established accounts that focus solely on recollection and familiarity. This work is currently funded by a project grant from the MRC, and we are undertaking patient and neuroimaging studies aimed at elucidating the circumstances under which structures in the medial temporal lobe contribute to memory (see Watson et al., 2012).
Related to this research programme, I also work with Dr Paul Downing (Bangor) and Dr Matt Mundy (Cardiff) on domain-specificity in the human brain (funded by the BBSRC). Paul, Matt and I have overlapping interests in how the human brain acquires and represents information from different perceptual categories, such as faces, objects and scenes. This topic has been investigated using very different methods and paradigms in the field of perception and memory, and together Paul, Matt and I are trying to bridge the gap between these studies and develop a model of domain-specificity that can account for findings from studies in perception, but also in learning and memory (Mundy et al., 2009, Neuroreport).
I also have interests in applying theoretical models of memory to aging and clinical conditions that affect memory. In collaboration with Dr Audrey Duarte (Atlanta) and Dr Rik Henson (Cambridge), I have published a series of papers on memory in older individuals (Duarte et al., 2008, Cerebral Cortex; 2009, Neurobiology of Aging) and looking at different types of recollection in younger participants (Duarte et al., 2009). I also collaborated with Prof Adam Zeman (Exeter) and Dr Chris Butler (Oxford) on transient epileptic amnesia, a condition that results in significant memory loss, particularly in the retrograde domain (Butler et al., 2009, Brain). Supported jointly by Alzheimer’s UK and the Waterloo Foundation, Prof Julie Williams, (both MRC centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics), Dr Toby Lloyd Jones (Swansea) and and myself are working on a project aimed at investigating how variations in genes thought to increase risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease affect memory and perception, particularly for spatial material (Lee et al. 2007, Neuropsychologia).
Current Funding
BBSRC (BB/1007091/1, end Dec 2014) – Differentiating the contributions of domain-specific regions within the medial temporal lobe and extrastriate cortex to perception. Jointly with Dr Paul Downing (Bangor University) and Dr Matthew Mundy (Monash University). £1,008,401.
Research Group
Bronson Harry (Postdoctoral Scientist, Bangor University) – supervised by Paul Downing
Carl Hodgetts(Postdoctoral Scientist, Cardiff University)
Mark Postans (PhD Student, Cardiff University)
Katja Umla-Runge (Postdoctoral Scientist, Cardiff University)
Jonathan Shine(PhD Student)
Alice Varnava (Research Assistant)
Research Collaborators
Psychology, Cardiff University: Ed Wilding, Derek Jones, Krish Singh, Rob Honey
Cardiff University: Julie Williams (MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University)
In the UK: Paul Downing and Robert Rafal (Psychology, Bangor University), Toby Lloyd Jones (Psychology, Swansea University), Chris Butler (Clinical Neurology, Oxford University), Adam Zeman (Medicine, Exeter University)
Internationally: Andy Lee, Morgan Barense and Hilary Watson (Psychology, Toronto University), Betsy Murray (NIMH) and Tim Rogers (Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison)
Postgraduate Students
Postgraduate Research Interests
My research programme has two aims. First, we wish to understand the organisation of human long-term memory using a cognitive neuroscience approach (e.g., neuropsychology, structural and functional neuroimaging, and cognitive genomics, and potentially MEG and TMS). Second, to apply new theoretical findings to clinical conditions that affect memory (e.g., dementia, encephalitis and epilepsy). Current research themes include: 1) studies of the role of medial temporal lobe regions in long-term memory and perception; 2) interactions between semantic knowledge, perception and language, 3) the relationship between different types of episodic memory, such as recollection/familiarity, and explicit/ implicit memory, 4) strategies for relearning of new semantic and episodic knowledge and 5) studies of normal aging.
If you are interested in applying for a PhD, or for further information regarding my postgraduate research, please contact me directly (contact details available on the 'Overview' page), or submit a formal application here.
Current Students
Jonathan Shine. Jon is interested in what makes objects and scenes different, and is using fMRI and patient studies to address this question.
Mark Postans. Mark has just started his PhD, and is interested in the representations stored in extrastriate and medial temporal lobe brain regions. He is also working on diffusion tensor imaging, in collaboration with Derek Jones and Carl Hodgetts.
Previous Students
Hilary Watson (jointly supervised by Ed Wilding). Hilary used fMRI to understand how regions in the medial temporal lobe contribute to recognition memory for different kinds of stimuli. She now works as a postdoctoral scientist with Dr Andy Lee, in Psychology, Toronto University.
Karen Taylor (jointly supervised with Rik Henson, MRC CBU). Karen worked on recognition memory in amnesia demonstrating stimuli-dependent effects after medial temporal lobe damage. Karen trained to be a counsellor.
Morgan Barense (MRC CBU). Morgan's thesis investigated the role of perirhinal cortex in object discriminations. She found that patients with damage to perirhinal cortex, but not the hippocampus, were poor at these discriminations, but only when there was visual similiarity between the items. After holding a university fellowship at Peterhouse College, Cambridge, Morgan moved to Toronto University to take up a position as an Assistant Professor.
Fiona Clague (jointly supervised with John Hodges, MRC CBU). Fiona was interested in the profile of early memory loss in neurodegenerative disease, and developed a number of clinical tasks aimed at differentiating these conditions. She is now working as a clinical psychologist in Fife.
Toby Cumming (jointly supervised with Karalyn Patterson, MRC CBU). Toby investigated letter-by-letter reading in semantic dementia. He showed that loss of conceptual knowledge slowed reading of words, but also had broader impact on tasks such as identification from spelling (a pattern not typically seen in letter-by-letter readers). Toby moved back to Australia and now works on stroke in Melbourne.
Anna Kropelnicki (MRC CBU). Anna was interested in remote memory and undertook studies of autobiograhical memory in amnesic individuals with damage to the medial temporal lobe. Anna did a medical degree after her PhD, and is now working as an orthopaedic surgeon in London.
Jon Simons (jointly supervised with John Hodges, MRC CBU). Jon studied episodic memory in semantic dementia and published a number of studies confirming relatively preserved episodic memory (particularly for known visual stimuli) in this disorder. Jon is a Lecturer in Experimental Psychology at Cambridge University.
Biography
Undergraduate Education
My undergraduate degree (BSc Biological Sciences, Psychology, First Class Honours) was obtained from Edinburgh University in 1990, during which I was awarded the Class Medal for Psychology (1998) and the Drever Prize in Psychology (1990). I subsequently worked as a research assistant for Professor Ian Deary, during which I published my first papers on cognition in diabetes (Deary et al., 1992), and aptitude testing in surgeons (Deary et al., 1992).
I undertook my postgraduate education at the MRC Applied Psychology Unit and St John's College, Cambridge University (starting in 1991). During this time, I worked with Professors John Hodges and Karalyn Patterson investigating language and memory difficulties in semantic dementia (see Graham et al., 1994 and Graham et al., 1995).
Postgraduate Education
I obtained my PhD in 1995, and was employed for two years on a Wellcome Grant at the Cambridge University Neurology Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital. During this time, Professor Hodges and myself demonstrated reverse temporal gradients for autobiographical and semantic knowledge in semantic dementia (Graham and Hodges, 1997 and Hodges & Graham, 1998), as well as highlighting a critical relationship between autobiographical experience and semantic memory (Graham et al., 1997).
Employment
I moved back to the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in 1997, and while continuing to work on semantic dementia (Simons et al., 2000, Bozeat et al., 2003), I also established a number of collaborations that allowed me to develop my expertise in neuroimaging (initially PET, Graham et al., 2003, but also fMRI, Epstein et al., 2003). In collaboration with Professor Hodges, I obtained a programme grant from the Alzheimer’s UK to investigate object and spatial memory in amnesia and neurodegenerative disease, with a particular focus on the development of measures for early diagnosis of dementia. I was promoted to a Programme Leader position at the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in June 2002.
Since 2002, I have focused my research on the development of theoretical models of memory that have clinical applicability to memory disorders, such as neurodegeneration, amnesia and epilepsy. This typically involves the use of multidisciplinary techniques including neuropsychology and neuroimaging. Our major goal at present is to undertake studies aimed at developing and extending our model of human memory, the emergent memory account (Barense et al., 2005; 2007; 2009; Graham et al., 2010; Lee, Bussey et al., 2005, Lee, Buckley et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2008; Watson et al., 2012). Complementary to this, we are undertaking research in collaboration with colleagues in MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics to investigate cognitive and neural markers of genes implicated in Alzheimer’s disease.
I left the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in March 2007 to take up a position as Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience in the Wales Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience (WICN), School of Psychology, Cardiff University. This move has resulted in new avenues of research, including a collaborative project funded by the BBSRC on the role of MTL and extrastriate regions in domain-specific perception (in collaboration with Dr Paul Downing, Bangor University and Dr Matt Mundy, Monash University).
I have held a number of administrative roles in Cambridge and Cardiff, and am currently co-Chair of the School of Psychology Research Committee. Externally, I sit on the NeuroDem Cymru Steering Group, the MRC Neuroscience and Mental Health Board and the MRC Addiction and Substance Misuse Strategy Board. I am also on the Editorial Board of NeuroImage: Clinical.